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Dhikr: The Remembrance of God

Sufi invocation of the divine names, breath by breath, bead by bead

Sufism · Qur'an 13:28 · al-Ghazali (1058–1111)

Dhikr is the Arabic word for remembrance, and in Sufi practice it names the deliberate repetition of God’s names, or the whole confession of faith, until remembering God stops being an act performed and becomes a state rested in. The Qur’an gives the practice its anchor directly.

Those who believe, and whose hearts are comforted by the mention of God. Aye, by the mention of God shall their hearts be comforted, who believe and do what is right. Qur’an 13:28, tr. E. H. Palmer (1880)

The line is often rendered in shorter modern English as hearts finding rest in remembrance. The simplest form of the practice repeats a single name, Allah, or one of the ninety-nine (al-Rahman, the Compassionate; al-Haqq, the Real), or the first clause of the shahada, la ilaha illa’llah, “there is no god but God.” The theologian al-Ghazali (1058–1111) treated the remembering as a symptom of love rather than a technique: remembrance should stay fresh in a heart without effort, he wrote, for what a person loves he constantly remembers, and if the love is whole he never forgets it (The Alchemy of Happiness, tr. Claud Field, 1909). Forgetting, in that reading, is a failure of love, not discipline, and dhikr is the practice built to close the distance.

The practice

Sit alone, or in a circle of others practicing together, a majlis of dhikr. Settle the breath before beginning; most methods pair the words to it rather than race ahead of it.

On the misbaha, a string most often of ninety-nine beads, or thirty-three counted three times over, draw one bead per repetition. The counting hand keeps the tally so the mind is free to mean the words rather than track them.

A plain way to begin tonight: settle into a slow breath, and on each exhale say quietly, aloud or under the breath, la ilaha illa’llah, one bead per phrase. Thirty-three repetitions, roughly one round of the beads, is a traditional unit. Some orders time the phrase to the whole breath instead, inhaling in silence and releasing the words on the exhale alone.

In a gathered circle the phrase is sometimes spoken aloud together, occasionally with swaying or music. That collective form belongs to particular orders and settings, not something to reconstruct alone from a page.

What it trains

Filed under heart, dhikr shares mettā’s premise that devotion toward the ultimate is trained, not simply felt as it arrives. Where mettā widens outward through circles of people, dhikr repeats inward through circles of breath, the same word met thousands of times until, the tradition holds, remembering asks no further will at all.

Cautions and honesty

This entry describes dhikr from outside a lived, initiatory relationship to any specific Sufi order. That matters: dhikr is ordinarily received from a living teacher, a sheikh, who assigns the phrase, count, and posture suited to a given student, and the collective forms especially are not meant to be improvised solo from a written account. What is offered here, the quiet, counted repetition of la ilaha illa’llah on the beads, is the practice’s plainest and most widely shared form: safe to try tonight as an act of unhurried devotion, not a substitute for a teacher if the practice calls further.

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Sources & Further Reading

  1. al-Ghazali, The Alchemy of Happiness, chs. VI and VIII, tr. Claud Field (1909). (Public domain.)
  2. Qur'an 13:28, tr. E. H. Palmer (1880), The Qur'ân, Sacred Books of the East vol. 6. (Public domain.)
  3. The misbaha and the specific counted form of dhikr are living practice, handed teacher to student across the Sufi orders (turuq); no single public-domain manual is quoted here for the counting method itself.